| Give one most important mechanical difference between walking and running ? | (1) |
| Ans. The body is totally airborne for a period of time during running whereas at least one foot contact | |
| the ground for the whole cycle during walking. What is the role of fat ? | (1) |
body functions. Fats keep us warm and give protection to organs. It also help in production of
hormones, maintenance of skin and hair etc.
Define sports environment ? (1).
Ans: It means availability of proper infrastructure, facilities of equipments. It is the conditions and
circumstances in which sports persons perform or indulge in sports activities. In fact sports environment is meant for physical activities like playing games and sports. Practicing fitness work, playing fun and recreational games.
| What is acceleration? | (1) |
| Ans: Acceleration is the capacity to attain maximum speed in minimum time. Here athlete tries to attain | |
| top speed as fast as possibleDefine Posture ? | (1) |
More over maximum output of physical efficiency can be attained.
6. What is isotonic exercise ? (1)Ans: The literal meaning of the word isotonic is constant tension i.e., iso means constant ant tonic
means tension. In this exercise the length of muscles changes (shortens or lengthens) during action
along with tension in them. Isotonic exercise is a form of active exercise in which muscles contract and cause movement. There is no significant change in resistance throughout the movement, so the force of contraction remains constant. Such exercise greatly enhances joint mobility and helps improve muscle
strength and tone.
7. Define Balanced Diet ? (1)Ans: A diet which contains the proper amount of each nutrients, i.e. like carbohydrate, fat, protein etc is called Balanced Diet. A diet which consists of all the essential food constituents viz. protein,
carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, minerals and water in correct proportion is called balanced diet. A
balanced diet contains sufficient amounts of fibre and the various nutrients (carbohydrates, fats,
proteins, vitamins, and minerals) to ensure good health. Food should also provide the appropriate
amount of energy and adequate amounts of water.
8. Why is friction necessary for movement? (1)Ans: Friction is a force which is applied in a opposite direction and helps in maintaining the balance of body .
| Define Bulemia Nervosa? | (1) | |
| Ans. Bulimia nervosa is an eating disorder characterized by consuming a large amount of food in a | ||
| short amount of time. | ||
What are the symptoms of anxiety? | (1) |
11. How does camping create good leaders? (1)
Ans: Camping is an activity by which an individual can get a chance to lead a group for outdoor
activity and become a personality to lead.
| 12. | List down the fitness index score of Harvard step test? Ans. | (3) |
| Rating | Fitness Index | Rating | Fitness Index |
| Excellent | >96 | Below Average | 54-67 |
| Good | 83-96 | Poor | <54 |
| Average | 68-82 |
13. How can you measure recovery phase of an Individual or measurement of cardiovascular fitness? (3)
Ans. Recovery phase is measured by Harvard step test
The formula to measure is :- 100 X test duration in seconds divided by 2 X sum of heart beats in
recovery periods
14. Explain the role of carbohydrate in diet? (3)
Ans: Carbohydrate:- 1. Carbohydrate is the main fuel to the body. It supplies energy and heat to the
body. 2. It helps in digestion and regulation of fat in protein metabolism.
(a) It is composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.
(b) It helps in the metabolism of fat. (c) It is highly valuable when strong muscular work is undertaken.
| (d) | Sources :- Starches - roots, tubers & plant stem. | Sugar : It comprises 6 glucose, Maltose, |
| Sucrose | Cellulose :- Consists fibrous substance like, fruits, vegetable cereals, banana, sugar cane, etc. | |
| Explain the corrective measures of any three postural deformity. | (3)1x3=3 | |
| Ans: Corrective measures of kyphosis | ||
| (i) (iii) | Perform Dhanurasana regularly (ii) Bend your head backward in standing position. Reverse sit-up (iv) Perform Bhujang Asana (v) Perform ushtt Asana | |
| Corrective measures of Lordosis | ||
| (i) (iv) | Forward bending (ii) Alternate toe touching (iii) Sloop walking Perform paschimotan Asana (v) Perform sit-ups regularly | |
| Corrective measures of scoliosis | ||
| (i) | Perform Ardh Chakra Asana (ii) Chin-ups (iii) Swim by using breast stroke technique | |
| (iv) | Perform Trikon Asana (v) Perform Tarra Asana | |
| (The students can write the corrective measures of any other deformities) | ||
| In sports such as Boxing & Wrestling, the players tend to lose weight sharply. Explain pitfall of diating ? | ||
Ans. Pitfalls of Dieting are as follows: |
2. Underestimating the calories: it is a fact that most of the persons who go on dieting usually
underestimate the number of calories they consume. So, it is essential to be more aware about the
number of calories you take in your diet.
3. Crash dieting takes the biggest toll on water reserves of our body. Loss of water impairs
(check/reduces) circulation and therefore overworks the heart and kidneys.
4. Intake of lebelled foods. 5. Not performing exercises.
17. Define eating disorders and elucidate upon any one ? (3)
Ans. Anorexia and bulimia nervosa are the two types of eating disorders.
Anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder that cause people to obsess about their weight and the food they eat. People with anorexia nervosa attempt to maintain a weight that is far below normal for their age and height. To prevent weight gain or to continue losing weight, people with anorexia nervosa may starve themselves or exercise excessively.
18. Why have adventure sports become so popular these days ? (3)Ans. Adventure and risk-taking sports such as mountaineering, kayaking , rock climbing, downhill
mountain biking and base jumping have increased in popularity in recent years. These activities court
significant dangers and attract individuals who are prepared to gamble their personal safety and at times their lives in search of a rush of excitement or an unusual accomplishment.
19. Define knock knee and explain its corrective measures ? (3+2=5)Ans. If a person stand erect in standing position with his feet close together, then for a normal posture
there should be some gap between the knees. If there is no gap and the knees touch or overlap, then it
mean there is a deformity called knock knee. The main cause of knock knees is the weakness of muscles
and ligaments and also the softness of bones of the knee region. To remove this deformity, extra care
should be taken while walking. In this postural deformity the legs are bent inward and knees strike each
other while walking or running. In this problem the knees join together while there is wide gap between
the ankle varying directly with the degree of deformity. Genu valgum, commonly called "knock
knee", is a condition in which the knees angle in and touch one another when the legs are straightened.
Individuals with severe valgus deformities are typically unable to touch their feet together while
simultaneously straightening the legs. The term originates from the Latin genu, "knee", and valguswhich actually means bent outwards. The main cause of knck knees is the weakness of muscles and
ligaments and also the softness of bones of the knee region. To remove this deformity, extra care should
be taken while walking.Corrective measures-Activating and developing the arches of the feet,
Waking up the inner leg muscles (adductors), and Learn how to move the inner ankle bone inwards
towards the outer ankle bone, and upwards towards the knee.
20. What are the types of personality and explain in detail the role of sports in personality
development. (2+3=5)Ans. Personality is the dynamic organization within the individual of those psycho physical systems
which determine his unique adjustment to his environment. Personality is not static but a dynamic
concept. It is continuously chaning and growing. Children may have identical environment. They may
have similar experiences but they react to the same environment in different way.
Types of Personality
Introverts:- Introverts are shy, self conscious quit retiring interested in the own thoughts and feelings,
inclined to worry and easily upset.
Extroverts:- Extroverts are social, open frank, outgoing, eager to do thing adaptable, not easily worried
or embarrassed and willing to work with others.Ambiverts:- In ambiverts both the characteristics of introverts and extroverts are found. In every
person mostly both the characteristics are found through one of them may be predominant.
Sports play a very important role in personality development. They improve the following qualities.
| (a) Self concept (d) Quick Decision | (b) Mental toughness | (c) Emotional stability |
| (e) Planning (Points to be explained) |
important than food and fresh water. Games and sports help to combat anxiety, depression and stress.
Sports train sportsmen to accept defeat gracefully and to move on.
21. Describe the procedure for administering Rikli & Jones fitness test. (5) 4Ans. The test used to measure fitness of senior citizen is Rikili and Jones Senior citizen fitness test.The Senior Fitness Test was developed as part of the Life Span Wellness Program of fullerton
University by Dr. Roberta Rikli and Dr. Jessie Jones. It is a simple easy-to-use battery of test items that
assess the functional fitness of older adults. The test describes easy to understand and effective tests to
measure aerobic fitness, strength and flexibility using minimal and inexpensive equipment.
The Individual fitness test items involve common activities such as getting from a chair, waling, lifting,
bending and stretching. The tests were developed to be safe and enjoyable for older adults while still
meeting scientific standards for reliability and validity. Here is a list of the tests, with links to more
details for each.
1. Chair Stand Test – testing lower body strength 2. Arm Curl Test – testing upper body strength.
3. Chair sit and Reach Test – lower body flexibility test
4. Back Scratch Test – upper body flexibility test 5. 8-Foot Up and Go Test – agility test
6. Walk Test (6 minutes) or Step in Place Test (2 minutes) - The walk test is used to assess aerobic
fitness unless the person uses orthopedic devices when walking or has difficulty balancing in which
case they do the step in place test.
22. Define league Tournament ? Draw a Fixture of 9 teams in single league stair case method ? (2+3=5)Ans. League tournament : In such tournament every team has to play with every other team
irrespective to win or defeat or draw. In this tournament every team has good opportunity to comeback,
skilled selection can be done, true winners can be found and other teams also get the ranking. This
tournament has demerities like more time are required more amount of funds, more organizers are
required, large level of arrangement are required, more trying for players etc.Define : All the teams are treated at par in league tournament, There are two type of league Tournament
(a) Single league tournament (b)Double league tournament 1
| We discuss about single league |
Number of Round = N 1 = 9 1 = 8 round
| Stair case method (Round) | 3 | ||||||
| 1st 1-2 | 2nd | 3rd | 4th | 5th | 6th | 7th | 8th |
| 1-3 | 2-3 | ||||||
| 1-4 | 2-4 | 3-4 | |||||
| 1-5 | 2-5 | 3-5 | 4-5 | ||||
| 1-6 | 2-6 | 3-6 | 4-6 | 5-6 | |||
| 1-7 | 2-7 | 3-7 | 4-7 | 5-7 | 6-7 | ||
| 1-8 | 2-8 | 3-8 | 4-8 | 5-8 | 6-8 | 7-8 |
| 1-9 | 2-9 | 3-9 | 4-9 | 5-9 | 6-9 | 7-9 | 8-9 |
| The winner in the league will be decided on the basis of points.23. What is the role spectators for positive sports environment ? | (5) |
important games were lots of spectators to see and motivate the players in cricket. In Kolkata Foot ball
is very famous game, thousand of spectators see the game and encourage the players.
So, motivational factors play the important role, by giving support to the players and teams excited and
try to give their best and also try to win the match. Better sports environment is the conditions and
circumstances which are favourable and beneficial for the sports persons who perform or indulge in
sports activities. The presence of spectators is essential for creating better sports environment. So
spectators play vital role in game and sports.
The role of spectators for better sports environment are as follows. 5
| (a) Spectators are really motivators to players through slogan & shooting. | (b) The confidence of |
| player or team increases through motivation & perform best effort. (c) A sizeable presence of spectators creates healthy environment and generate more revenue to the organizer. | |
| (i) | The spectators behaviour and attitude towards coaches, officials, and players should be |
| appropriate towards any players. | (ii) They should not instruct players on the field. |
| (iii) | They should not pass any comments towards referee, umpire or any other game official. |
| (iv) (v) (vi) (vii) | They should not indulge themselves in any type of violence. They should appreciate the good act of sports person. They should not throw any waste material towards the player or officials. |
| They should try to motivate the players of that they may put up better performance. |
response to demands place on it. In simple words stress is a condition or circumstance which can
disturb the normal physical and mental health of a person. Techniques to manage Stress:-
a) Participation in Physical activities, b) Achieve a high level of physical fitness,
c) Building self confidence, d) Relaxation techniques e) Developing Hobbiesf) Staying cool and confident under pressure g) Avoid the company of stressed personsh) Don‘t think about stressful thoughts (Explain these points out of own words)
25. What are the factors affecting the motor Development of Children? (5)Ans. The factors affecting motor development of children are:1. Nutrition :- Nutritious food promotes good motor development. Sensory motor development is dependent
upon nutrition that the child gets to a great extent. Children get stronger and development is good if they get
nutritious food. 2. Immunization:- If mother and child both are immunized at a proper time it leads to good
sensory motor development. 3. Environment:- Encouragement, love and security help the child to take risk to
explore fearlessly and to know more about environment which leads to a better sensory development .
4. Opportunities:- Children who get more opportunities to do more activities, motor development is better in
them. Opportunities to play to gain knowledge give a better chance of developing sensory motor activities.
26. What is friction? Explain its types, advantageous and disadvantage in the field of sports (5)Ans. Friction : Friction is a force that resists the movement. Without friction it would be impossible to walk
or run or do much of any kind of movement. It plays a very important role in movement of one body over
another surface. The force of friction is the force that depends at the surface of contact of two bodies and
opposes their relative motion. Types of Friction:- a) Static Friction:- The opposing force that comes into play
when one body tends to move over the surface of another, but the actual motion has not yet started is called
static friction. b) Dynamic friction: Dynamic friction is the opoposing force that comes into play when one
body is actually moving over the surface of another body. Further, dynamic friction can be of two types:-i) Sliding Friction:- The opposingforce that comes into play when one body is actually sliding over the surface
of the other body is called rolling friction. For example, ice-sketing and in planting the pole on pole vault.ii) Rolling Friction;- The opposing force that comes into play when one body is actually rolling over the
surface of the other body. Ex- When a hockey or cricket ball is hit. Advantage:- Friction is usually called a
necessary evil. It means that it is essential in games and sports. Without friction, we cannot give a better
performance in the field of sports. Ex. Spike (athletes), studs (football Players)Disadvantage:- Friction is
disadvantageous in some of the sports and games, such as in cycling, there should not be more friction between
road and the tyres of cycle. Still it can be said that friction is a advantage for the sports.
How extrinsic motivation sometime may kill intrinsic motivation ? (1)Ans. Extrinsic motivation may kill intrinsic motivation sometime because the physical appearance of
the thing have more influence on the mind of an athlete.
2. What is the meaning of Intra-mural competition ? (1)Ans. Competition within the wall of an institution means inter house and competition among students
of same institution. The word ‗Intra-mural‘ is combination of two latin words Intra and Mural where
Intra means ‗Inside‘ and mural means ‗Within the walls‘. The intra-mural means competition within the
wall of institution.
3. In which conditions knock out tournaments are better than Round Robin? (1)
Ans. It is economical and time saving.
4. What is the Role of media in positive sports environment? (1)Ans. Today media is one of the important source of publicity. There are many channels on television
they only show coverage of sports. The newspaper also play on impotent role for improving the sports.The media successfully exploits the public need for entertainment. Media makes use of our need to
witness the actual thing by serving as a mediator between event and viewers. Television is the right
choice to see their favourite one when actual thing happens on ground.
6. Which are the Fat Soluble Vitamin ? (1)Ans. The Foot saluble vitamins and A, D, E and U
7. What is Interval method ? (1)Ans. This method is very useful for the athletes of the track event. It is based on the principle of ―Effort
and recovery‖.8. Reward and punishment should be on the sport. Comment (1)Ans. Reward and punishment is a technique of motivation which is most effective when is given on the
spot. Delay in reward or punishment decreases its relevance.9. Regular Physical activities cannot stop the clock of ageing; but definitely it can slow the process.
Justify ? (1)Ans. Regular exercise can delay the ageing process, as by regular exercise all the body function are
working properly and blood supply to all the organs improve the efficiency of an individual. Regular
exercise also makes muscle strong.
Following are the points which delay ageing process by regular exercise
1. Increase in hear rate and stroke volume 2. Increase in cardio output 3. Increase in size of lungs and chart.10. What is carbohydrate ? What are the sources of carbohydrate ? (1)Ans. Carbohydrates are composed on carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. Carbohydrate are the main source
of energy. Carbohydrate help in the metabolism of fat etc. There are three main sources of carbohydrates,
a)Starches- rice, potatoes, wheat and other cereals,
b) Sugars-refined sugars,
c) Sucrose and fruit sugar-fructose
d) Cellulose (Explain points if any)11. How do climatic conditions affect the performance? (1)
Ans. Environmental conditions, such as excessively high or low temperatures, have the potential to
have a negative impact on an athlete‘s well-being. An athletes‘ ability to use a numberof
thermoregulation techniques helps in regulating body temperature.
| What are common postural deformities ? Ans. The common postural deformities are :- Knock knee, Bow legs, Spinal curvature (Kyphosis, Lordosis, Scoliosis). Flat foot, round shoulders. (Any three to be explained.)Explain any three Macro Nutrients of diet ? Ans. The three Macro Nutrients of diet are, (a)Proteins explore (b) Fat explore (c) Water exploreThree elements of diet are | (3) |
day. This is the main source of energy. They contain the elements of carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen
with chemical formula CHO2. On an average 1 gram of carbohydrates give 4 calories of energy or
burning. There are two types of carbohydrates i.e. simple carbohydrate and complex carbohydrates. We obtained the carbohydrates in the form of stanch. It is found in rice, potato, yams, bread, cereals etc. It is also found from milk, sugar, sugarcane in the form of glucose fructose and sucrose.
Proteins : There are necessary for growth & repair of body tissues. It contains the elements carbon,
Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen and sometimes sulphur. They are turned into amino-acids by our digestive system. There are 23 amono-acids out of these, 9 amono-acids must be available in the diet. These are used by the body to create blood, muscles, nails, skin, hair and internal organs. We can get proteins from milk, pulses, cereals, egg, cheese, meat and fish.
Fats : Fats contain carbon, oxygen and Hydrogen in the percentage of 76, 12 and 12 respectively. It
keep us warm and given protection to organs. It also help in production of hormones one gram of fat on burning gives 9 calories of energy. Extra amount of fats are stored under the skin. In the form of fatty acids. Two types of fatty acids i.e. saturated Fatty acid contain chain of carbon atom and unsaturated fatty acids. Water : Water is a compound which is made up hydrogen and oxygen elements in 2:1. It helps in transportation of nutrients to the cells of the body.
14. Explain any three points on advantage/importance of correct posture ? (3)Ans: Importance:-(a) One‘s personality can be judged, b) Better balance, agility and overall physical
performance. c) helps in maintaining proper manner of standing, sitting walking of one‘s body.
d) it is a measure of one‘s alertness. e) has better alignment, which translates into less injury.
f) recovers quicker from exercise or physical exertion, and feels more energetic (Other points if any)
15.
| Find out the need for better sports environment ? Ans: Any three points to be explained | (3)1x3=3 |
| (a) | Provision for proper sports facility :- It is the basic requirement of the athletes to carry out sports |
| and games facilities. Encourage by parents :- Proper and timely encourage and guidance by the parents help in creating interest & attitudes in child. | (b) |
| (c) | Influence of community:- Popularity of sports in communities is bound to promote programmers |
| particular community. Sporting tradition of a community must be maintained. | |
| (d) | Influence of Tournaments :- Organising various tournaments of different level create more interest |
| & promote better attitude towards the game & sports. (Other points if any by the students) | |
| Why is Women participation in sports much less? Ans: The participation of women in sports is much less due to the following reasons: | (3) |
| (a) (b) | Lack of female sports persons as role model. Lack of media coverage and poor interest of spectators |
| (c) (d) (e) | Fewer number of women coaches Poor education among women. Attitude of society towards women‘s sports participation |
17. Explain food myths.? (3) 8Ans: There are various food myths specially prevailing in Indian, when to eat what how much and
where to eat etc, things like that often confuse individuals, they are believed by people and now have
scientific knowledge which says not to believe them.
1. Potatoes make you fat
2. 2. Fat free products will help you in losing weight
3. Eggs increases cholesterol levels so avoid them
4. Drinking while eating makes you fat
5. Don‘t take milk immediately after eating fish
6. Starve yourself if you want to loose weight
18. Briefly explain any three objectives of adventure sports? (3)
| Ans: | i) To encourage creativity:- To encourage creativity in participants is the sports. These sports allow new menoeuvers and stylish execution of existing techniques. |
and important objective of adventure sports. These sports are helpful in developing mental and
physical fitness.
iii) To improve social relations: To improve social relations among the participants is another
objective of adventure sports. Most of the sports such as trekking, river rafting, provide ample
opportunities to improve social relations.
19. Discuss the factors influencing body image and self-esteem? (3)Ans: i) Media Images:- During teenage, the teenagers become more aware of celebrities and media
images. They usually start to compare themselves with media images and celebrities.
ii) Family and school:- We do not develop our body image all on our own. The family, school
and other members of society can influence our self-esteem and body image.
iii) Life experience and natural ageing process:Body image and self-esteem are also
significant factors which influence the body image influence our body image and self-esteem.
| 20. | Describe the causes and preventive measures of Scoliosis? Ans: Causes of scoliosis | (2+3=5) |
b. Neuro muscular scoliosis. A result of abnormal muscles or nerves. Frequently seen in people
with cerebral palsy or in those with various conditions that are accompanied by, or result in,
paralysis.
c) Degenerative scoliosis. This may result from traumatic (from an injury or illness) bone
collapse, previous major back surgery, or osteoporosis (thinning of the bones).
d) Idiopathic scoliosis. The most common type of scoliosis, idiopathic scoliosis, has no specific
identifiable cause. There are many theories, but none have been found to be conclusive. There
is, however, strong evidence that idiopathic scoliosis is inherited.
Preventive measures. Avoid activities that require overexertion on only one side of the body.
One common type
of scoliosis, called idiopathic scoliosis, is largely caused by muscle imbalances. Prevent
scoliosis of this type by being conscientious of certain activities:
b. Exercise the back muscles. Having strong and stable back muscles is tantamount to scoliosis
prevention, as it is the back muscles that support the spinal column and hold it in its proper
shape. Some recommended strength training exercises for the back.
c. Improve your posture. Focus on sitting up straight and walking with your head up and your
shoulders back.
d. Aquire proper vitamins and minerals. Calcium contributes to keeping bones healthy, so
eating foods like oatmeal, soybeans (preferred boiled without salt),almonds, and even sardineswill keep your bones strong and stable
21. What do you mean by sports training ? Highlight main features of Interval and Fartlek Training.(1+4=5) 9Ans: Sports Training :- It is a process of sports perfection directed by scientific and pedagogie
principles and aims at leading a sports person to high and top level sports performance in a game or a
sport or an event by means of planned and systematic improvement of performance capacity and
readiness of performance. "Sports training‖ is a planned and controlled process in which, for achieving a goal, changes in complex sports motor performance, ability to act and behavior are made through
measures of content, methods and organization.
INTERVAL TRAINING : This training method is considered as best method for development of
indurance. The method is based upon ―effort and recovery‖ principle. During interval training recovery
period is given to the athlete after each speedy workout. Recovery period can be adjusted according to
the efficiency of athlete. The load can be increased by reducing the recovery period or by increasing the
workout. It is of two types (a) slow or extensive interval training method (b) fast or intensive interval
training method.FARTLEK :- It is a Swedish term that means "speed play," is a form of interval or speed training that
can be effective in improving your speed and endurance. Fartlek running involves varying your pace
throughout your run, alternating between fast segments and slow jogs. Unlike traditional interval
training that involves specific timed or measured segments, fartleks are more unstructured. Work-rest
intervals can be based on how the body feels. With fartlek training, you can experiment with pace and
endurance, and to experience changes of pace. This method was developed in Scandinavia. It is used to describe cross country runs where the steady speed of ordinary cross country running is changed into a mixture of faster and slower phases, each covering a different distance over natural terrain according to
the individual approach of the sports person. The change of intensity is done depending upon the
surface of running, surrounding condition of the sports person, climate and the like. This method is
effective for development of both aerobic and anaerobic capacities of sports persons.Example :
| (i) (iv) | Jugging for 5 to 10 minutes (ii) Brisk walk for 5 min. (iii) End with stretching exercise. Run at fast steady pace over a distance of 800 m to 1200 m. (v) Run up the hill | |
| (vi) (ix) | Easy running 40 to 50 m (vii) Run down the hill (viii) Walk of 5 min. Run at fast pace for one minute (x) Jog about 1 to 1.5 km. | 1+2+2=5 |
22. Discus the effect of food supplements on children in positive and negative manner (5)Ans. Now a days Parents should be aware that many complementary health products, including
dietary supplements and herbal medicines are available in market as dietary supplement but they have
not been tested for safety or effectiveness in children. Because children‘s metabolism and their
immune, digestive and central nervous systems are still maturing, side effects can differ from those seen in adults. This is especially true for infants and young children.Advantages of Food Supplements(a) Supplements can contribute to improve muscular strength, endurance and overall physical
performance.
(b) Some supplements are used in combination with drugs as a method of complimentary or alternative
treatment of health conditions.
© Food supplements gives vitamin and minerals which protect the body from disease.Disadvantages of Food supplements(a) Food supplements can cause adverse side effects also, it they are not consumed in the right quantity.
They can damage liver and reduce bone strength.
(b) Weight-loss supplements may contain numerous untested ingredients that have not been examined
for safety or effectiveness in children. The possibility of product contamination is the main safety
concern about dietary supplements for both children and adults, but the danger may be grater for
children.
| 23. Suggest various methods for flexibility training to improve the optimum flexibility. | (5) |
| Ans. | Following are the stretching ways for flexibility development: |
assistance (PNF or with the help of a partner)Passive stretching allows the muscles and tendons to stretch naturally without the use of additional
forces acting on the muscle/tendon. The flexibility gains are not as great with passive stretching as it is
with active stretching.
1. Static stretching is a technique where the muscle is slowly stretched and then held in kthe stretched
position for several seconds. This type of stretching allows the muscle to be relaxed so that a greater
length can be achieved. It is the most frequently.
2. Used and most recommended type of stretching. There is a low risk of injury with this technique.
3. PNF stretching is much longer stretching session when compared to the other types. It requires a
partner‘s help to utilize this technique. The use of a partner is so that there can be a contraction and
relaxation phase. This type of stretching is actually the most effective form of stretching, but it is also
considered the most painful type of stretching,
4. Dynamic stretching is a technique that many athletes should be accustomed to. This type of
stretching can be in the form of leg swing walks or carioca just to name a few. This is a great way for
teens to work on their flexibility in a fun way. It allows them to be active and it can be done with
groups and teas. This type of stretching goes for more than two seconds and is done without stopping
the movement.
5. Ballistic stretching is a type of stretching, but it is not recommended for improving flexibility. This
type of stretching could lead to muscle soreness and injury because it is possible that this technique
could cause small tears in soft tissue due to the bouncing movements that force the muscle to lengthen.
Ballistic stretching due to the bouncing, could stretch ligaments too far if the movement is not
controlled.
24. Define Round Robin tournament and draw a fixture of 8 teams by any method. (5)Ans: A round-robin tournament ( all-play-all tournament) is a competition "in which each
contestant meets all other contestants in turn" irrespective of any kind of result. 1
Fixture- No of matches-n(n-1) = 8(8-1) =28
2 2
No of rounds- N-1= 8-1=7
Fixture- Cyclic methodFixture
| 1st round | 2nd round | 3rd round | 4th round | 5th round | 6th round | 7th round |
| A-B | A-H | A-G | A-F | A-E | A-D | A-C |
| H-C | G-B | F-H | E-G | D-F | C-E | B-D |
| G-D | F-C | E-B | D-H | C-G | B-F | H-E |
| F-E | E-D | D-C | C-B | B-H | H-G | G-F |
25.
| What do you mean by anxiety ? How can it be managed. | (2+3=5) | |||
| Ans: Anxiety :- Anxiety is a psychological and physiological state of an individual. It is characterized by cognitive, emotional and behavioral components. These components combine to create an | ||||
| unpleasant feeling, which is associated with uneasiness, fear of worry. | 2 | |||
| According to Levitt, ―Anxiety is a personal feeling of apprehension accompanied by an increased level of physiological arousal's. ―Anxiety is a chronic fear that limits our ability to carry out normal | ||||
| functions‖. Anxiety (also called angst or worry) | is a psychological and physiological state | |||
| characterized | by somatic, emotional, cognitive, | and behavioral components. It | is | the |
trouble'; in either presence or absence of psychological stress, anxiety can create feelings of 11fear, worry, uneasiness, and dread. Anxiety in sports is a natural reaction to threat in
environment & part preparation of fight response. It is a psychological phenomenon.
Management of Anxiety :- Anxiety can be managed through various techniques such as
(i) Deep breathing (
ii) Drink water
(iii) Follow advice
(iv) Psychological balance
(v) Warming-up
(vi) No criticism
(vii) Focus your target
(viii) Sufficient practice
(ix) Self confidence
(x) Encouragement, (The students can write any other points)
Explain in detail the AAHPER Test.Ans. AAPHER PHYSICAL FITNESS TEST : This test consists of the following six items :
(a) Pull ups : In case of girls, the pull-ups are to be started from a flexed arm hang. This test item judges the
arm and shoulder girdle strength.
(b) Flexed Leg sit-ups : This test is meant to judge the efficiency of
abdominal and hip flex or muscles.
(c) Shuttle Run : This test item is meant for judging the speed and
change of direction.
(d) Standing Long Jump : For judging the explosive power of leg muscles.
(e) 50 yard Dash or Sprint : For judging speed.
(f) 600 yard Run : For judging endurance.
Administration of Tests : these tests can be conducted in a gymnasium or out-doors. The only apparatus
required in these tests is a horizontal bar having a diameter of approximately 1½ inches for pull-ups and
flexed arm hang for girls. However, arrangement has to be made for the timing and recording of all scores
with the help of timers and recorders.
Item No.1—Pull ups : This item has to be done from a hanging
position on the bar by using the overhead grasp (with palms facing outwards). The arms and legs of a subject should be fully extended. Form hanging position, the subject should raise his body with his arms until his chin is placed over the bar. Then, he should lower his body to a full hanging position. In doing so, the knees should not be bent and the pull should not be jerky or snap pull. (The number of completed pull-ups is the score of the subject.)
Item No. 1 (Girls)—Flexed-arms hung : In this test item for girls, the subject is
required to hang from the bar with flexed arms and overhead grasp. She should raise her body to a position where the chin is above the bar, the elbows are flexed and the chest is close to the bar. The stopwatch is started as soon as a subject assumes such a hanging position and is stopped when the subject‘s chin falls below the level of the bar. (The time recorded in seconds for which a subject holds the hang position is her score).
Item No. 2—Sit-ups : For this test meant for boys and girls, the subject should lie on his or her back
with knees flexed and kept not more than 12 inches from the buttocks. The hands of the subject should be placed at the back of the neck, fingers clasped and elbows touching the mat. From this position, the subject should raise his or her head and elbows forward upwards till the elbows touch the knees. This constitutes one sit-up. (The number of correctly performed sit ups in 60 seconds from the start of the first sit-up is the score of a subject).
Item No. 3—Shuttle Run : For this test item, two parallel lines are drawn at a distance
of 30 feet from each other and two blocks of wood are placed behind one of the lines. The subject has to stand behind the other line and on the signal ―Ready‖, ―Go‖ should run to pick up one block, run back to the starting line and place the block behind the line. He should again turn back to pick up the second block and bring it also behind the starting line. Two such trials are given. (The better time of the two trials to the nearest 10th of a second is the score of the subject).
Item No. 4—Standing Long Jump : In this test, a
subject is required to stand behind a take-off line, with feet apart. He takes a jump forward by extending his bent knees and swinging the arms forward. The best jump recorded, out of the three trials given, is the score of the subject. (The jump should be recorded in feet and inches).
Item No. 5—50 Yard Dash : Two lines are drawn at a distance of 50 yards from each other. The subject is made to run from the start line to the finish line and his time taken is recorded in seconds (nearest to the tenth of a second.) This indicates his score.
Item No. 6—600 Yard Run : This run can be organized on a track, on a football field or an open area
marked for this purpose. In this test item, a subject runs a distance of 600 yards. The subject takes a standing start from the start line. The subject may walk in between. However, the objective is to cover the distance in the shortest time. When he crosses the finish line, he is informed of his time. (The time taken to run the distance is recorded in minutes and seconds).
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